Download PDF The Inequality Machine: How College Divides Us By Paul Tough
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Ebook About First published as The Years That Matter MostFrom best-selling author Paul Tough, an indelible and explosive book on the glaring injustices of higher education, including unfair admissions tests, entrenched racial barriers, and crushing student debt. Now updated and expanded for the pandemic era. When higher education works the way it’s supposed to, there is no better tool for social mobility—for lifting young people out of challenging circumstances and into the middle class and beyond. In reality, though, American colleges and universities have become the ultimate tool of social immobility—a system that secures a comfortable future for the children of the wealthy while throwing roadblocks in the way of students from struggling families. Combining vivid and powerful personal stories with deep, authoritative reporting, Paul Tough explains how we got into this mess and explores the innovative reforms that might get us out. Tough examines the systemic racism that pervades American higher education, shows exactly how the SATs give an unfair advantage to wealthy students, and guides readers from Ivy League seminar rooms to the welding shop at a rural community college. At every stop, he introduces us to young Americans yearning for a better life—and praying that a college education might help them get there. With a new preface and afterword by the author exposing how the coronavirus pandemic has shaken the higher education system anew.Book The Inequality Machine: How College Divides Us Review :
This is a well-written, thorough book. Much of Tough’s overall analysis I agree with... and he’s an exceptional writer. Masterful storytelling.I have several issues with the book - one, the title is misleading, as others noted ... though I didn’t mind that, because I was looking for a book on social and economic mobility and I am familiar with Raj Chetty’s work.Here’s my bigger issue, and not one Tough is probably even aware of ... his own massive bias in reporting. Most of the “experts“ he cites through his interviews - standardized test prep gurus, professors, deans, university admissions officers - are men, and mostly white men. They are all doing wonderful work, like Ned Johnson and Jon Boeckenstedt and Stephen Katsouros and David Laude and Uri Treisman etc. but if you step back and look at the whole picture, it is a disjointed picture. Even though many of those men grew up poor or middle class and had childhood trauma, they still are overwhelming all white men being lauded as experts in their fields.Tough’s depiction of the few - very few - women and even fewer women of color who are professors, researchers etc... are very different. “A sociologist at Virginia Commonwealth University named Tressie McMillan Cottom...” (Pg 262) is astark departure in writing style from the pages and pages devoted to Professor Treisman’s upbringing and path to college, yet Dr. McMillan Cottom’s life story - what I know of it having read her book and being familiar with her work - is just as varied if not more so. Why not feature her story? By the looks of how he wrote about her and her book Lower Ed, it seems like he never met her or made contact but realized he needed to make reference to her book since it is the seminal work in the field. And, his choice to put it at the end of a chapter seems curious and unusual, like he knew he had to reference but didn’t want to highlight... but perhaps that’s just me.And, as someone else noted, Professor Caroline Hoxby is given quite the villainous characterization, as is her fellow female researcher. I understand Tough’s frustration that Hoxby ignored his emails, and I do understand and agree with his overall assessment of the College Board and the misnomer of standardized testing as a key college admissions indicator, etc.BUT - and here is the biggest and most glaring omission which renders this book far less appealing...Many of the students featured are students of color, particularly those who are struggling academically and socially, and Tough doesn’t seem to realize or recognize that on most if not ALL college campuses, it is usually the few professors of color, particularly women of color, *not* the white male professors and administrators he seems to promote in an unintentionally white savior sort of way - that go the extra mile to make sure students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds graduate and even go on to grad schools. Many of those professors are assistants climbing for tenure and adjuncts who have tenuous job security and who are devoid of the type of research funding and administrative support people like David Laude received at the University of Texas.My guess is Tough either didn’t seek out or gain the trust of the many black and brown women on college campuses who are doing the bulk of the emotional labor helping students to graduate, or that he simply isn’t fully aware of his own blind spots and bias. To be sure, the few women he does cite are TAs and counselors... secondary roles. I can, off the top of my head, list women of color at prestigious universities doing the same - without fanfare or funding. And yet, none of those stories are in this book. Just a lot of stories of white men social capital and research dollars helping find ways to help poor black and brown kids graduate from college. This book accurately showed how the affluent can game the test system, and how the poor and some minorities struggle--but multiple groups are struggling with college. It didn't depict how many families from the middle/upper middle class often can't afford college (for example, parents lacking pensions and consistent access to 401ks end up with most of their retirement savings in taxable accounts--they can't afford to spend 5-6% of assets plus a good chunk of income on college...similarly parents still helping adult children or paying off consumer debt have trouble with financial aid formulas...). I also think what you do in the college you attend is more important than simply where you go. Finally, I think K-3 and learning reading and math fundamentals are more make or break years than which college you attend... 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